- Antioxidant An antioxidant is a chemical that prevents the oxidation of other chemicals. In biological systems, the normal processes of oxidation produce highly reactive free radicals. These can readily react with and damage other molecules, but the presence of easily oxidisable compounds (antioxidants) in the system can “mop up” free radicals before they damage other essential molecules. Antioxidants can be found in vegetables, fruits and plants.
- Apiary or bee yard - An area of a collection of hives or colonies of bees kept for their bee products.
- Apiculture - The management and production of honey bees, queens and bee products.
- Bee products - Honey, wax, propolis, royal jelly, beeswax, pollenand bee venom or any other product from bees intended for human use or consumption.
- Blended Honey - a mixture of two or more types of honey from different varieties of flowers. Blended honeys are very common in grovcery stores. They are often blended to produce a uniform flavor, color and viscosity.
- Colony - Queen bee with its attendant worker bees and drone bees used to produce bee products.
- Comb means the wax like cellular structure that bees use for retaining their brood or as storage for pollen and honey.
- Creamed honey - a blend of one part granulated honey and nine parts liquid honey that is stored at about 57 degrees until it becomes firm.
- Crystallization - means honey in which solid sugar crystals have been formed.
- Crystallized honey - Crystallized honey is a solid, granulated or crystallized, Looks like an amber sugar
- Enzyme - Enzyme is a compound that speeds the rate of a chemical process in a body. Almost all enzymes are proteins.
- Extracted honey - That's simply meansthe honey has been removed from the comb, usually by spinning the combs in a centrifuge.
- Flavor and aroma - means the degree of taste excellence and aroma for the predominant floral source.
- Flora source - the flowers the bees visit to collect nectar. Also, see monofloral source.
- Flavonoids - Flavonoids are pigments that are found in many plants. The USDA defines flavonoids as a large group of non-nutrient chemicals in plants called phytochemicals, which have biological activities related to health. A few examples are beta-carotene (found in green leafy and orange vegetables), isoflavones (found in soy foods), anthocyannins (found in berries and other red, pink, blue, and purple fruits and vegetables), and quercetin (found in red wine, tea, green vegetables, and citrus fruit).
- Forage zone - Land or bodies of water, within a 1.8 mile (3 km) radius of the edge of the apiary/bee yard which provides bees with water, nectar, honeydew, pollen and propolis.
- Floral source - means the flower from which the bees gather nectar to make honey.
- Fructose - A simple sugar (monosaccharide) found in honey, many fruits, and some vegetables. Fructose linked to glucose is the structure of table sugar, or sucrose.
- Glucose - When you eat, your body turns the food into a sugar called glucose. Glucose provides fuel for your cells. How does it get to the cells? It is carried to them by the bloodstream. The hormone, insulin helps the glucose get to the cells, so it can be used for energy.
- Glycemic Index - The body breaks down most carbohydrates from the foods we eat and changes them to a type of sugar called glucose. The glucose travels through the bloodstream to reach the cells. After we eat, the glucose from the food gets into the bloodstream fast, slow, or somewhere in between. It depends on the type of carbohydrate and the food that contains it. The glycemic index or GI is a way of measuring how fast this occurs and how a food affects blood glucose levels following consumption of the food. Foods with higher index values raise blood sugar more rapidly than foods with lower glycemic index values do. Glucose has a Glycemic index of 100.
- Granulated honey - honey that has been turned into a powder by freezing or drying it to remove any water in the honey.
- Granulation - means the initial formation of crystals in the honey.
- Harvest Equipment - Equipment used to collect bee products for sale as organic, including honey supers, frames from which royal jelly will be harvested, and any other equipment in contact with organic bee products.
- Honeydew Honey - honeydew is a nectar made from "honeydew" the secretions of insects that suck plants. Bees gather the honeydew off the insects. Honeydew honey typically has a strong flavor and many claims are made for its health benefits.
- Hive - Equipment used in the production of bee products to include hive boxes, bottom boards, covers, frames, comb.
- Liquid honey - Liquid honey is honey that is free from visible crystals.
- Monofloral Honey - honey made when the bees collect nectar from a single flower source. Such as a hive located in a Organge tree grove, or in a clover field.
- Nucleus colony or nuc -.A smaller sized hive box with reduced numbers of bees and brood, usually containing a queen; used for expansion of the apiary operation.
- Organic Honey - In the U.S. the NOP (National Organic
- Pfund color grader - means a color grading device used
by the honey industry. It is not the officially approved device
for determining color designation when applying these United
States grade standards for the color
of honey. - Pollen grains - means the granular, dustlike microspores that bees gather from flowers. Pollen grains in suspension contribute to the lack of clarity in filtered style.
- Polyfloral Honey - the honey comes from the nectar of more than one flower sources. Wildflower honey is usually a polyfloral honey.
- Propolis - means a gum that is gathered by bees from various plants. It may vary in color from light yellow to dark brown. It may cause staining of the comb or frame and may be found in extracted honey.
- Replacement bees - Bees introduced into an existing organic apiary operation to replenish established colonies which have been lost to overwintering, predators or other catastrophic loss.
- Sucrose - Found in common table sugar. Sucrose is a disaccharide, which means that it is made of two molecules, one glucose and one fructose, bonded together. A common variety of sugar found in the juices of many plants, as the sugar cane, sorghum, sugar maple, beet root, etc.
- Whipped honey -honey that has been finely crystallized and blended with liquid honey to make it spreadable.
Reference sources:
- USDA Honey Standards; https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/Extracted_Honey_Standard%5B1%5D.pdf